Questionable Conduct: The Jamaican Political Reality

The Court of Appeal did not address the interpretation of the phrase " foreign Power or State " in S.40(2)(a) of the Constitution of Jamaica. This was a missed opportunity since the interpretation to be accorded to the said phrase is central to any discussion of "dual citizenship" in the Jamaican polity. This omission may be justified by the fact that the issue was not raisd before the Court in the Dabdoub/Vaz appeals as it was fully recognized that the USA was a " foreign Power or State ." The issue not being properly before the Court, the matter should have been avoided. Indeed it is only Smith J.A. who did not venture an opinion on divided loyalty as regards membership in the House of Representatives. Panton P. : 35. " The framers of the constitution clearly intended that Jamaicans who by their own act sought and received non-Commonwealth citizenship, or having not so sought it, nevertheless voluntarily acknowledged allegiance to such countries, sh...

A lot of time and energy have been devoted to what has been loosely called the "DUAL CITIZENSHIP DEBATE". Much interest has been accorded to the status of Jamaican citizens who have voluntarily acquired citizenship status of other Commonwealth states. More specifically, are such persons disqualified under Section 40 .2 (a) of the Constitution of Jamaica from either being elected as Members of Parliament, or appointed to the Senate? There are a number of ways to ascertain the true intention of the framers of the Constitution of Jamaica. The first is quite evident: read the words used in the section and employ a literal meaning. In case of some ambiguity, resort can be had to how similar sections and phrases used have been interpreted in other Commonwealth jurisdictions in the event that courts in Jamaica have not clarified the situation. However, there remains another avenue: ask the framers if they are still around, or consult their writings on the subject if such is availabl...

In the interest of widespread dissemination of a much-awaited judgment, we have facilitated easy access to the document. We do so without comment; so that you will not be influenced in arriving at your own conclusions. Our analysis will be conveyed in another post. In the meanwhile, read the judgement in the context of the submissions made before the court. These have been posted earlier; so just scroll down and use the inset. Publish at Scribd or explore others: Business & Legal notice of disqualifi allegiance to a fore

Source:Jamaica Observer 4.3.09 Having addressed this matter repeatedly, it now seems almost bizarre for the People's National Party (PNP) to have announced the selection of a person holding dual citizenship to contest the up-coming by-election in the West Portland constituency. This is against the background of a prolonged and continuing litigation involving the Constitution of Jamaica and the dis-qualification of sitting Members of the governing Jamaica Labour Party (JLP). Given the decision of the Court of Appeal - the final arbiter in Election Petition matters - which upheld the Chief Justice’s ruling and dismissed all the appeals, it is indeed less than prudent to open a potential avenue of legal contention to nominate one who is the holder of a Canadian passport. The impression is being openly propagated by some Attorneys and the mass media that the holders of passports from Commonwealth states are not disqualified from being duly nominated; or if a sitting Member, for that s...

There is growing public confusion surrounding the status of Commonwealth citizens and Commonwealth states in the dual citizenship debate. The confusion is fueled by: The basic qualification of being a Commonwealth citizen - Section 39(a); The seat of a member of either house becoming vacant if he ceases to be a Commonwealth citizen - Section 41 (1) (d); The disqualification and vacancy provisions of being under any "acknowledgement of allegiance, obedience or adherence to a foreign Power or State" - Section 40(2)(a) and Section 41 (1)(d) respectively The Constitution of Jamaica is silent on the interpretation to be accorded to the phrase "foreign Power or State". Some attorneys-at-law and public commentators are of the view that Commonwealth states are exempt from the said categorization. The issue is of paramount importance as there are Members owing allegiance to Commonwealth states other than Jamaica in both Houses. The Supreme Court and Court of Appeal are empo...

Applying the Ruling Chief Justice McCalla has ruled that the renewal of and travel on a US passport by an adult Jamaican are indicative of “ acknowledgement of allegiance, obedience or adherence to a foreign Power or State” as outlined in Section 40 (2) of the Constitution of Jamaica. Consequently, such disqualified the individual from being duly nominated as a candidate for elections to the Parliament. Section 39 contains similar wording. Applying McCalla’s ruling such also disqualified an individual from being appointed to the Senate. Another application relates to a seat of a sitting member becoming vacant - Section 41(d). Hence if the member acquired a US passport- irrespective of whether or not he uses it -after assuming the relevant position in the House, the seat shall be declared vacant. The situation is quite straightforward where, as an adult, the individual indulges in any act which may be indicative of channeling allegiance to another state (except Jamaica ). According to...

Consternation : Some amount of consternation has been generated by the treatment of “Commonwealth Citizens. Of particular concern is the concluding comment that: “If an adult Jamaican citizen by virtue of his own act acquires the nationality of another state – be it Commonwealth or otherwise – he is disqualified. However an adult Commonwealth citizen living in Jamaica for a year satisfies the condition of Section 39 whether or not he acquires Jamaican citizenship.” The consternation lies with adult Jamaican who have acquired citizenship of other Commonwealth countries – for example Britain , Canada , Barbados and Grenada to mention a few. Some have lived and studied in the respective territories and being duly qualified were successful in their application. Others found it necessary to take out some “insurance” in the heady days of the ideological 70’s. Indeed, there was the belief that citizenship in other Commonwealth territories meant that as a “Commonwealth Citizen” – albeit ...

“Commonwealth” not “Foreign” Some proponents of the view that Commonwealth states are not included in the term “foreign Power or State” seek to advance the following:  Chapter II of the Constitution of Jamaica deals with Citizenship. Section 12 gives the following interpretation: “Foreign country” means a country (other than the Republic of Ireland) that is not part of the Commonwealth; Hence, the term “foreign Power or State” should be construed in accordance with that of “foreign country.” As mentioned before, the proponents have yet to produce any judicial interpretation to substantiate their position. Moreover, it may be convenient to ignore that (a) the section being relied upon begins “In this Chapter – “. The interpretations are specific to Chapter II; (b) “foreign country” is not necessarily synonymous with “foreign State or Power.”  In relation to those holding Canadian, British or even Barbadian citizenship in addition to their Jamaican citizenship, it is being argued that ...

Introduction Some Jamaicans enjoy the protection and privileges of being citizens of other countries. Most are citizens of Jamaica only. Indeed many with citizenship of more than one state – and even as many as two more – have played critical roles in the development of Jamaica. In reality the Jamaican state recognizes that Jamaican citizens may be citizens of other states but does not prescribe any limitations on the number. However, the Constitution of Jamaica prescribes certain limitations on those enjoying multiple citizenship in so far as their participation in the Parliament. Such limitations – termed “qualification” and “disqualification” are specifically stated in Section 39 and Section 40 respectively. Section 39 The individuals seeking membership in the Senate and House of Representatives must be (a) a Commonwealth citizen of at least 21 years old; and (b) has been ordinarily resident in Jamaica for twelve months prior to appointment to the Senate or nomination for election t...